The first connection between cholesterol and atherosclerosis was made by German scientists in 1910.
It wasn't until the mid-1950s that John W. Gofman, MD, a University of California - Berkley biophysicist, observed that elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were associated with reduced risk of heart attack.
The Framingham Heart Study described the effects of HDL cholesterol in 1977 and subsequently established low HDL-C levels as an independent predictor of coronary risk.
New guidelines issued by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in 2001 changed the definition of "low" HDL to
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